Biggest ruller of Europa Napoleon Bonaparte || French Revolutionary Wars || DOCUMENTARY

"19th Political History" and "20th Century Political History" which are the main sources of our video, As a set, we want to present it to three of our followers through the "Chronic Book".

To participate in the draw, you can subscribe to the channel and register for the draw from the link in the description. Follow us to enjoy quality history with the partnership of Kronik Kitap and DFT History ... In 1789, one of the most important events in world history took place.

The French monarchy was shaken to its foundations and the revolutionary fire that would change many things surrounded the whole country. The revolution was weakening the monarchy with every new step and destroying the institutions rooted for centuries. In addition, the revolution created a new world vision and an understanding of the state. Well, these new streams of ideas could affect other European societies as well.

French Revolutionary Wars ||

and other societies, inspired by the French, could take action against their king or emperor. This fear suddenly embraced all European rulers…. When the European countries turned against the revolutionary France, the air on the continent suddenly clouded. It would seem that lightning would flash, lightning would strike and rain would begin in continental Europe ...

Attempt of King Louis 16 (Lui) of France to escape from the revolutionaries and his capture in June 1791 was the first step in the process that would turn into war. For the first time, European leaders saw a King humiliated before a revolting nation. This terrified them…

He had to do something, or they could all end up like Louis XVI…. Prussia and Austria were the first to react to this event. The Russian Tsaristice was constantly provoking these two. The aim of the Tsarice was to swallow the bite he desired from Polish lands while these two states were dealing with France. The kings of Sardinia, Spain and Naples also want action against the revolutionaries. but they were afraid that they were smaller countries.

England, on the other hand, was content to smell the environment for now. The Ottomans, on the other hand, had just come out of the war with Austria and Russia and were dealing with their own wounds.

Prussian king and emperor of Austria meeting in Saxony, issued a statement and decided that France should be intervened.

Speaking of the revival of the monarchy in the declaration and especially the attempts to form an army from the Royalists angered the Revolutionaries. In the French Legislative Assembly, supporters of the war began to increase. Austria and Prussia officially became allies while the war negotiations were taking place in the Assembly. II to the revolutionaries' ultimatums. When Francis II, who replaced Leopold, did not even answer, France, In April 1792, King of Austria and Bohemia II. He declared war on François.

He announced that he entered the war alongside Austria in Prussia in accordance with the new agreement. And so the French Revolutionary Wars began…. France entered the war in a devastated state.

There was no regular army at hand. Since the nobles left the army after the revolution or were removed from the army, the need for officers was extremely high. The Garde Nationale continents that were established after the revolution were undisciplined, irregular and inexperienced.

Biggest ruller of Europa Napoleon Bonaparte || French Revolutionary Wars || DOCUMENTARY

In the government, there was no money and means to equip the soldiers. The Prussian General Duc de Brunswick, in chief of the Alliance army, After crossing the borders of France with his troops and defeating those who confronted him, he set out for Paris. However, the advance of the alliance armies slowed down after that. Because the aim was not to occupy France,

but to deter the revolutionaries. In addition, Austria did not always give good signals militarily. Austria had just got out of the war with the Ottomans a year ago and was tired. On top of that, Russia had opportunism.

Russia that gave gas to the Germans, when they ended the war with the Ottomans and focused on Poland while they were fighting in the west, The focus of Austria and Prussia suddenly shifted here. For these reasons, Duc de Brunswick wanted to intimidate the other party with a statement rather than progress. In a statement published on July 28, 1792, the General asked Paris and the French people to obey the king.

With this move, the alliance forces were unwittingly squeezed into their heels. The declaration set in motion the French nationalism and patriotism of the angry revolutionaries. The Danton government invited all the French to join the army and declared a massive mobilization.

In an unprecedented manner, every Frenchman, not to say young or old, started running into the army. This was actually one of the innovations caused by the revolution. The idea of citizen-soldier emerged and this would be France's biggest trump card against Europe.

With the renewed blood, the French halted Brunwick's advance at the Battle of Valmy on 20 September 1792. This was their first big win in the war. The Legislative Assembly, which met on the same days, now abolished the monarchy completely and declared a republic.

and gave the French army the task of spreading the idea of revolution. Now, things were getting hotter ... After Valmy, the French armies began to thrive on the square. At the Battle of emmapes] in November 1792, they defeated the Austrians and took over what is today Belgium. Another French army occupied the city of Mainz and landed on the left banks of the Rhine. In the southeast, the French took the earldom of Nice and Savoy.

Things were going well, "Vive la Nation" cries were echoing on the battlefields ... Burning with the idea of spreading the revolution, the French continued to throw wood in the fire, taking all Europe against them. The first assembly of the new regime, the Convention, drove the head of King Louis XV to the guillotine in early 1793 ...

The King's execution and what happened caused great concern in England. The revolutionaries started to go too far ... Seeing that the British would interfere, France immediately declared war on Britain and the Netherlands at the beginning of the year.

Biggest ruller of Europa Napoleon Bonaparte

Subsequently, Spain, the Netherlands, Naples, Tuscany, Venice and the Pope also joined the war against France. Events that started from a tax issue 4 years ago suddenly turned into a huge war involving the entire continent ... With the formation of the First Coalition, the situation in France worsened again, defeats began.

France was expelled from Belgium, Revolutionary forces withdrew from the left banks of the Rhine. They invaded France from the direction of the coalition, the Alps, the Pyrenees, and Alsace-Loren. The ruling Girondins were displaying poor war management. The soldiers on the border were disobedient, the generals incompetent and the ministers of war inadequate. Dumouriez, the war minister, even fled to Austria. Things turned upside down again for France ... External troubles spread inside.

Vendee area during the year; Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille, Nimes, Montpellier, Royalists and moderate republicans revolted in many places, such as Caen and Toulon. A very violent civil war had begun in the country ... Just around this time, among its members,

Robespierre and the radical republican Jacobins, including Marat, came to power. Aiming to stop the deterioration, the Jacobins decided to do it their way. They abolished the Constitution and established Revolutionary Courts. All kinds of people have shelved their rights and freedoms. They sent all those who opposed them to the guillotine without mercy.

The more riots they got, the more riots were, the more riots they got, the more brutal they got. The revolution that started with patriotic feelings, it eventually turned into a bloodthirsty struggle of leaders who competed wildly with each other. Neither republicans nor royalists ruled France. Terror and chaos are the only things that rule France.

Ultimately, these riots began to be contained, albeit using violence, by the Paris government. The rebels in cities such as Nantes, Caen, Bordeaux, Marseille, and Lyon were subjugated. In many cities the masses were massacred; The Convention, which could not even get its speed, tried to erase even the names of cities from the earth. Marseille, Ville-affranchie; Lyon became Ville-sans-nom. Despite the success and Robespierre's radical regime order in Paris, the Republic, this time he encountered a violent rebellion in Toulon.

When the dissidents in the city saw what was done to the surrounding cities, they rebelled and hung Jacobins and republicans in the city, he had asked for help from England. Under the leadership of Lord Hood, Britain's Mediterranean fleet moved towards this important port city.

Soon ships from Spain and soldiers from Naples and Sicily also He arrived in the city harbor in August 1793. With the arrival of the coalition forces Toulon created a very good opportunity for British interests. They believed that keeping this point in their hands would bring victory ... The Jacobins, who are dealing with riots, economic crisis, and the enemy at the door,

He rolled up his sleeves to punish Toulon. JFCarteaux was the first to fight the coalition forces and the Toulonians, suppressing the rebellion in Marseille. The general cleared and started the siege around the city in September. But the general did not have a truly professional staff of officers.

Besides, even he was not a soldier ... When the gunner commander, one of the few real officers under his command, was injured, someone had to be appointed in his place. The name proposed from the center was Napoleon Bonaparte, the Corsican artillery officer. When the siege begins like August-September, While the coalition had approximately 17 thousand soldiers,

the French had around 35 soldiers. The French surrounded the city and the port on 3 sides. But the fact that his generals were not soldiers caused them to make too many mistakes. Commanders changed one by one as the siege extended and finally General Jacques François Dugommier was brought to power.

Although the coalition dominates the city and the hills in the region It could not progress because of the low number of soldiers. But he was not in danger of being expelled from the port by the enemy. It was the words of the artillery commander who changed all the minds when everyone was drafting plans to bring down the city ... Napoleon, son of an Italian family from Corsican,

During the siege he shouted orders and rushed constantly, Thanks to his devoted work in all circumstances, he won the appreciation of his commanders. This artillery officer, known for his proximity to the Jacobins,

He was eager to take the wind brought by the revolution behind him and rise and make his dreams come true. The major's plan was very simple. He said, “Take La Grasse Cape, which dominates both the inner and outer harbor. Banish the ships, then there will be no soldiers left behind. " he was saying.

While representatives from Paris laughed at his plan, General Dugommier thought it might work. The general gave the initiative to the young commander and approved the implementation of the plan. On the night of December 17, 1793,

Napoleon ordered his artillery fire. In the rain, gunners began to heavily beat the mezes at Cape La Grasse. Shortly after, the French, on the orders of their commanders, attacked by wearing bayonets. The revolutionary soldiers, attacking with all their might, dealt a heavy blow to the enemy.

Immediately after, under the leadership of Major Napoleon, the second wave attacked. During the violent clash in the hills, the major's horse was shot and he was injured in his hip.

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Napoleon and his soldiers returning from the brink of death, He eventually managed to seize the positions the Spaniards and the British had held for months and throw them back. Napoleon's plan worked and the enemy defenses collapsed ... The admiral realized that he had to evacuate the port and city immediately or the ships would be shot down and destroyed.

Yes, the Coalition fleets were within range of Napoleon's artillery from this moment. and the fleets could be completely lost if the fire was started. British navy, including a large number of Toulon refugees, on 18 December He drove away from the city under the cannon fire of the republicans.

Victory belonged to the French…. While the Jacobins go to the heaviest punishment of the townspeople The British, on the other hand, realized that they had missed a great opportunity.

All revolts in the country on Toulon could be supported, perhaps even the revolution could be overthrown. But that was not accomplished, and it was Napoleon Bonaparte, the low-ranking artillery officer who prevented it…. The young Major, who started to be known as the "Hero of Toulon", suddenly he was promoted to brigadier general.

And he was only 24 years old…. The Jacobin leader Robespierre's friendship with his brother made his leap so great. However,

this friendship soon caused trouble for him. He was imprisoned in 1794 after the Jacobins were ousted from power. Napoleon, whose head was crowned with laurel leaves in victory squares, he was left to be forgotten in prison corners by shackles on his wrists. Let's see what the 25-year-old Napoleon would experience in the future, what kind of adventures he would set sail for